The EPA rolls back greenhouse-gas limits on power plants, sparking debate over costs and health.

The Trump administration’s EPA has rolled back Biden-era greenhouse-gas limits on coal- and natural-gas-fired power plants and proposed eliminating most remaining federal limits on their climate pollution. EPA and industry supporters say the changes could reduce compliance costs, keep more generating capacity online and potentially lower electricity prices; the agency estimates roughly $160 billion in power-sector savings through 2047, though that figure does not represent direct household savings. Democrats, environmental groups and public-health experts warn the policy could increase air pollution and emissions while weakening protections against climate change. Christine Todd Whitman, a former Republican EPA administrator, called the rollback “unconscionable,” arguing that the agency is abandoning its core mission to protect human health and the environment, particularly for children and older adults. The broader deregulatory effort has included the repeal or review of more than 100 EPA rules, drawing criticism from former officials in both parties.
The EPA’s action consists of two separate steps: a finalized partial repeal of most greenhouse-gas standards adopted for fossil-fuel power plants in 2024, plus a separate proposal to eliminate the remaining standards and related findings that has not yet been finalized.
The EPA’s estimated $160 billion in power-sector compliance savings is calculated through 2047 using a 3% discount rate; using a 7% rate lowers the estimate to about $95 billion. The agency also cites $310 billion in economy-wide savings from its SAGE model, while acknowledging that the model does not account for the economic effects of changes in environmental quality.
The rollback could affect plants that were expected to use carbon capture and storage, which removes carbon dioxide from power-plant exhaust and stores it underground rather than releasing it into the atmosphere.
Environmental advocate Margie Alt of the Climate Action Campaign said the policy endangers Americans’ lives and well-being, particularly amid record summer temperatures.
Christine Todd Whitman said EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin had indicated that the agency would no longer consider human-health impacts when developing regulations and would focus instead on industry’s bottom line, a shift she said conflicts with EPA’s statutory mission.
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