NATO Reboot
US Defense Secretary Hegseth urges NATO 3.0 reboot, emphasizing Europe's lead in defense.
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Hegseth’s remarks came after the U.S. said on June 3 it would no longer provide specific capabilities in a crisis—“an aircraft carrier and support ships, aerial refuelling planes and dozens of fighter jets.”
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Hegseth said he would tell U.S. allies they “have to be willing to stand up and do something in a strong way about” the defense of their own continent—underscoring the expectation of European lead effort rather than shared planning alone.
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In defining “NATO 3.0,” Hegseth described it as “post-Cold War recognition” that NATO must “go back to a real hard-line military alliance” with “real military capabilities” that can deter threats “right here on the continent” and let Europe take the lead for “conventional defence of Europe.”
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Hegseth tied the proposed U.S. investment to alliance credibility, saying the “arsenal of freedom” “first and foremost protects America and American interests” but also “backstops the strength of NATO and our allies.”
U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth told NATO defense ministers in Brussels on June 18 that European allies must take charge of defending their own continent. He called for a "NATO 3.0" reboot — a hard-line military alliance where Europe leads conventional defense and the U.S. steps back from its longtime role as the continent's primary protector. Associated Press
The push came just two weeks after Washington formally told allies on June 3 that it would no longer provide an aircraft carrier, support ships, aerial refueling planes, and dozens of fighter jets in a European crisis. The New York Times reported that leaked plans show the U.S. intends to cut one-third of its European air power, including all eight KC-46 aerial refueling tankers and reducing fighter jets from 150 to 100.
What "NATO 3.0" Actually Means for Europe
Hegseth defined "NATO 3.0" as a break from the post-Cold War era of American-led defense. "NATO needs to go back to a real hard-line military alliance," he said, with "real military capabilities" that can deter threats on the continent. He wants Europe to take the lead for conventional defense — meaning ground troops, tanks, and air power — while the U.S. focuses elsewhere. Associated Press
The concept builds on a framework introduced by Under Secretary of Defense Elbridge Colby in February 2026. It draws a clear line from NATO 1.0 (Cold War containment) to NATO 2.0 (post-Cold War expansion) to a leaner, tougher NATO 3.0. Hegseth also said the alliance must be ready to fight two simultaneous conflicts — one in Europe and one involving China in the Indo-Pacific. Reuters
The $1.5 Trillion Arsenal and What It Buys America First
Hegseth anchored his argument in a massive spending plan. The Trump administration is requesting $1.5 trillion for defense in its fiscal year 2027 budget — a 42% increase over previous levels. He called it an "arsenal of freedom" that "first and foremost protects America and American interests," while also supporting NATO allies. Associated Press
The spending framing matters. Hegseth is telling allies that the U.S. is not abandoning defense — it is redirecting it. Washington is also rewarding allies who spend more. About 4,000 U.S. troops are moving to Poland, while 5,000 are being pulled from Germany, Military Times reported. The message is transactional: spend more, get more.
Capability Gaps That Europe Now Has to Fill
The U.S. pullback leaves real holes. Removing all KC-46 tankers from NATO operations effectively ends the alliance's ability to run long-range strike missions, since European nations lack enough aerial refueling aircraft to pick up the slack, according to defense analysts cited by MiGFlug. Maritime surveillance will also drop — from 26 to 15 U.S. reconnaissance aircraft monitoring Russian submarine activity. The New York Times
European officials are scrambling. Germany's Chancellor Friedrich Merz has signaled support for an independent European command-and-control fallback plan — a historic shift for a country long anchored to U.S.-led Atlanticism. Wall Street Journal Poland and the Baltic states have expressed alarm about losing Baltic Air Policing assets, with officials describing the speed of the changes as "stunning."
NATO's Top General Draws Up Backup Plans as Article 5 Hangs in the Balance
Supreme Allied Commander Europe Gen. Alexus Grynkewich has been quietly preparing contingency plans in light of the U.S. drawback. He acknowledged that "there has been an unhealthy codependence in the NATO Force Model on U.S. forces," Gulf News reported. NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte confirmed backup defense plans are being drafted, calling the shift a "rebalancing of responsibility" rather than a retreat. Reuters
Hegseth tied his review directly to Article 5 — NATO's core promise that an attack on one member is an attack on all. He announced a six-month Pentagon review of U.S. force presence in Europe. The outcome will shape whether allies see NATO 3.0 as a stronger alliance — or a weaker promise. Middle East Eye
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