Italy concludes its 12-year military mission in Iraq as international coalition forces withdraw.

The U.S.-led coalition’s combat mission in Iraq is ending as foreign forces withdraw, with Italy completing its 12-year deployment and Germany having already ended its advisory mission in Iraqi Kurdistan. Baghdad says the transition restores sovereignty and is shifting toward bilateral security ties, while Italy says future cooperation with Iraq will emphasize training and military expertise. The withdrawals leave Iraqi authorities with greater responsibility for security, but Kurdish and Sunni leaders warn that the timing is risky amid continuing ISIS sleeper-cell threats and the presence of armed Iran-backed militias. Efforts to disarm those militias are expected to continue into 2027, and some factions have resisted giving up their weapons.
Italy’s withdrawal was accelerated in March 2026 after an airstrike on a military base in Iraqi Kurdistan; the article also cites a surge in attacks on NATO facilities.
After the Italian forces departed, two gendarmerie officers were expected to remain in Iraq under the European Union Advisory Mission.
The international coalition’s Operation Inherent Resolve and NATO’s Iraq mission are set to continue operating from other countries, rather than ending altogether.
The U.S. military presence in Iraq peaked at more than 170,000 troops in 2007; in recent years, the remaining force had focused mainly on advising and supporting Iraqi security forces.
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