New Regional Security Pact
Four African Nations Adopt Joint Declaration for Nile and Red Sea Security
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Key Points
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The leaders backed Somalia’s counterterrorism efforts, in addition to calling for sustained funding for the African Union mission.
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The declaration also promoted closer political, trade and economic cooperation, as well as economic and cultural ties intended to strengthen regional integration and connectivity.
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Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi separately told Sudanese leader Abdel Fattah al-Burhan that Egypt supports a political settlement to end Sudan’s war while preserving the country’s state institutions.
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The declaration specifically emphasized safe, free navigation in the Gulf of Aden and the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait.
Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea and Somalia adopted the Alamein Joint Declaration on October 4, pledging unified positions on the Nile River and Red Sea governance while rejecting unilateral actions that threaten regional stability teleSUR English. The four nations called for international-law principles including prior notification and consultation on water use, pointedly avoiding naming Ethiopia or its Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Telangana Today.
Sudan's War and Somalia's Security Take Center Stage
The four leaders reaffirmed Sudan's unity and rejected any parallel governing entities or mercenary support during the country's ongoing civil war Telangana Today. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi told Sudanese leader Abdel Fattah al-Burhan that Egypt backs a political settlement to end the conflict while preserving Sudan's state institutions Telangana Today.
On Somalia, the leaders backed counterterrorism efforts and called for sustained funding of the African Union mission supporting the country's security transition Telangana Today. They rejected any recognition or support for Somaliland, emphasizing Somalia's territorial integrity and sovereignty.
Nile Water Rights Reject Unilateral Dam Actions
The declaration called for Nile governance based on international law, requiring prior notification, consultation and avoiding harm to downstream water users teleSUR English. The four nations specifically rejected unilateral actions by Ethiopia that undermine current Nile water uses, though they stopped short of naming the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam teleSUR English.
The declaration emphasized that a Sudanese-led political process must guide water agreements, blocking any external powers from imposing solutions Telangana Today. This stance directly opposes Ethiopia's position that it has geographic and historical rights to develop Nile resources.
Red Sea Governance Belongs to Littoral States Alone
The four nations declared that Red Sea governance rests exclusively with states that border the waterway, rejecting external interference Telangana Today. They emphasized safe, free navigation in the Gulf of Aden and Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, key shipping lanes worth billions in annual trade.
Ethiopia has repeatedly demanded Red Sea access despite these declarations Greenwich Time. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed continues asserting that Ethiopia must gain maritime access, creating tension with its four neighbors who view the sea as their exclusive domain.
Economic Ties and Regional Integration Drive Cooperation
Beyond security and water rights, the four leaders promoted closer political, trade and economic cooperation Telangana Today. The Alamein Declaration pledged periodic meetings and economic and cultural ties designed to strengthen regional integration and connectivity across the Horn of Africa.
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