Mapping the Dynamic Universe
Rubin Observatory Commences 10-Year Cosmic Survey Using World's Largest Digital Camera
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Key Points
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The Rubin Observatory’s camera is the world’s largest digital camera—about 3,200 megapixels and roughly three tons—mounted on the 8.4-meter Simonyi Survey Telescope, with exposures taken roughly every 30 seconds as it scans the sky.
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Cadence and coverage: the LSST will survey the southern sky about every three days in visible and near-infrared light, effectively creating a time-lapse movie of the universe over a decade.
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Scope of the survey includes mapping roughly 20 billion galaxies, 17 billion Milky Way stars, and six million small solar-system objects, producing trillions of measurements with regular data releases for scientists and the public.
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An Alert Production Pipeline was launched in February to generate rapid notifications, with expectations of up to around 7 million alerts per night as the survey detects changes like supernovae and moving objects.
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Officials describe the milestone as expanding U.S. leadership in science and compare the effort to filming the 'greatest cosmic movie,' with remarks from Brian Stone and DarÃo Gil highlighting the project’s significance.
The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile officially began its 10-year Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) on June 30, 2026, kicking off what officials call the most ambitious sky survey in history. Using the world's largest digital camera — 3,200 megapixels and roughly three tons — the observatory will scan the entire southern sky every three nights, generating around 10 terabytes of data and up to 7 million alerts per night, according to Stanford News.
NSF Acting Director Brian Stone called it "filming the greatest cosmic movie ever made," while DOE Under Secretary DarÃo Gil said the mission aims to "redefine modern cosmology and astrophysics" by probing dark matter and dark energy. The project cost roughly $800 million to build and marks a new era in large-scale astronomy, EurekAlert reported.
A 3,200-Megapixel Camera Films the Cosmos
The heart of the observatory is the Simonyi Survey Telescope, an 8.4-meter instrument fitted with a camera unlike anything used in astronomy before. At 3,200 megapixels, it captures images so wide that it would take 400 ultra-high-definition TVs to display a single shot, according to Space.com. The telescope takes a new exposure roughly every 30 to 40 seconds as it sweeps across the sky.
Over 10 years, the survey will catalog around 20 billion galaxies, 17 billion Milky Way stars, and six million small solar-system objects. That adds up to trillions of measurements in total. Operations Director Bob Blum said the project will "democratize" data, letting researchers anywhere in the world do cutting-edge science, Mirage News reported.
Alert Pipeline Catches Supernovae and Rogue Asteroids in Real Time
Before the full survey launched, the observatory rolled out its Alert Production Pipeline on February 24, 2026. On its very first night of testing, the system sent out 800,000 notifications about transient events — things like exploding stars and moving space rocks. At full speed, the pipeline is expected to fire off up to 7 million alerts every night, Head Topics reported.
University of Washington pipeline lead Eric Bellm said enabling "real-time discovery on 10 terabytes of images nightly" required years of new software work. The results are already striking: in just six weeks of early operations, the telescope found 11,000 previously unknown asteroids, including 33 near-Earth objects, according to Space.com.
Decades of Work Led to This Week's Launch
The project began as a concept in the early 2000s and broke ground on Cerro Pachón in Chile in 2014. The site sits at 2,682 meters above sea level, chosen for its dark skies and stable air. In June 2025, the team released its first detailed images of the Virgo Cluster and several nebulae, proving the system worked. The construction team formally handed off to the operations team in October 2025, Stanford News reported.
Caltech planetary scientist Mike Brown said the survey is "what I could only dream about 25 years ago." Duke University cosmologist Arun Kannawadi Jayaraman admitted to being "nervous" as the data flood begins in earnest. The first full data release for scientists is expected roughly 12 to 14 months from now, according to EurekAlert.
Dark Matter, Planetary Defense, and Open Data for All
The LSST's deepest goal is to shed light on dark matter and dark energy — invisible forces that make up about 95% of the universe yet remain poorly understood. The observatory is named after astronomer Vera Rubin, who provided the first strong evidence for dark matter's existence. Officials say the survey could reshape what scientists know about how the universe grew and how it will end, according to Mirage News.
The project also carries real-world stakes for planetary defense. Its asteroid-finding rate suggests it will dramatically expand the known list of objects that could one day threaten Earth. Data will be openly shared with scientists and the public through regular releases, and the Rubin Observatory pays the Chilean astronomical community $850,000 per year in exchange for using local skies without reserving telescope time for Chilean researchers, Stanford News reported.
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